Eden and ackermann 1998 cited in bryson, john 2004. Plot each stakeholder on the powerinfluence grid below. It provides a muchneeded guide to the strategymaking process by. The success of an organisation in this industry depends on the innovative services and creating satisfaction in the customers minds. Ackermann, making strategy, the journey of strategic management, sage publications, london, uk 1998 isbn 076195225x p. This lack of clarity as to the conceptualisation of stakeholders occurs across several research arenas beyond strategic management including political and policy sciences, planning and corporate social performance bryson, 1995, bryson, 2004a, bryson, 2004b, eden and ackermann, 1998, finn, 1996, freeman, 1984, nutt and backoff, 1992. While these methods provide a useful tool for an organization engaged in strategic. Stakeholder analysis is a systematic way to analyse stakeholders by their power. This technique is based on eden and ackermanns method 1998. Analysis of three themes emanating from this literature leads to the development of. The blue train stakeholder analysis marketing essay. Mapping out strategic success, ackermann and eden build on their two previous works making strategy 1998 and the practice of making strategy 2005 to offer a more comprehensive yet still accessible treatment of strategy theory and practice. Baumgartner and jones 1993, and to ensure longterm viability of organizations eden and ackermann 1998. Previous studies provide multiple methods of stakeholder analysis, including.
Business school, university of portsmouth, portland street. While this is often a useful exercise in its own right, stakeholder maps often presuppose that stakeholder positions are fixed whereas in fact they are dynamic and may move according to the issue at hand, level of interest andor degree of influence they might possess. We suggest using a stakeholder matrix as it is easily represented in an. How to leverage project stakeholders properly project. He is author of strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations. Where power lies and how it is conceived in studies of governance and institutions is often not discussed. Stakeholder analysis normally starts with stakeholder identification which includes engaging. Power and interest grids making governance fun deloitte. Power versus interest grid adapted from eden and ackermann 1998. A common stakeholder analysis technique is the powerinterest grid, which was originally published by colin eden and fran ackermann in. Low power and low interest stakeholders are least important.
As bryson states this is a somewhat restrictive definition because it excludes those who are affected, but who dont any power to respond to or negotiate with an organisation. High power, high interest stakeholders are key players. Those individuals or groups who depend on the organization to fulfill their. The term stakeholder refers to individuals or groups that affect, or are affected by, the achievement of an organisations goals. We have talked already about using maps as a means of identifying stakeholders. A common stakeholder analysis technique is the powerinterest grid, which was originally published by colin eden and fran ackermann in their book making strategy.
Bryson abstract this article focuses specifically on how and why managers might go about using stakeholder identification and analysis techniques in order to help their organizations meet their mandates, fulfill their missions, and create public value. Keywords negotiation group support systems strategy making 1 introduction. Powerinfluence interest matrix published on december 9, 2014 december 9, 2014 46 likes 4 comments. He reminds us that the main purpose of stakeholder analysis is to. Managing stakeholders helps them to ensure that their projects succeed where others might fail. The model recommends a specific type of treatment for each of these groups. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Her research interests range from managing messy complex problems to considering how strategy making process can attend to both rigour and relevance, as well as recognising stakeholder considerations. It is important to make sure stakeholders are identified at the right level of aggregation, meaning at a level that makes sense from a strategic perspective eden and ackermann 1998.
Understanding stakeholders perceptions and motivations is of significant importance in relation to conservation and protected area projects. Ackermann, making strategy, the journey of strategic management, sage publications, london, uk 1998. Stakeholder analysis management of agro zone pioneering. According to eden and ackerman using this grid helps determine which stakeholders interests and power bases must be considered in order to address the problem. Brown, the practice of making strategy, a stepby step guide, sage publications, london, uk 2005 isbn 076194494x p. Stakeholders are grouped into key player, context setters, subjects, and crowd. Stakeholder analysis in conflict resolution, business administration, environmental health sciences decision making, industrial ecology, and project management is the process of assessing a system and potential changes to it as they relate to relevant and interested parties stakeholders. This article explores how top management teams can increase the robustness of their strategies by attending to important concepts emerging from the stakeholder literature. The sample definitions from the public and nonprofit management literatures differ in. Stakeholder analysis is a key part of stakeholder management. Those individuals or groups who depend on the organization to fulfill their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organization depends oohnson and scholes 2002. Bryson et al, 2002, and exploring and intervening in feedback in social systems richardson, 1991. Stakeholder analysis waste management non governmental. To identify the audience, i will firstly use a stakeholder analysis matrix to find power stakeholders key stakeholders, and then i will try to identify their influence by the use of the power versus interest grid adapted from eden and ackermann making strategy, 1998.
As its name suggests, the grid assesses the stakeholders by taking into account their power and their interest. Once you have identified your stakeholders opponents and supporters and analysed and mapped them so you have a clear picture of the stakeholder landscape, youll need a stakeholder strategy. A stakeholder map is a project management tool that helps to identify all of the stakeholders involved in or impacted by a project. Fran ackermann and colin eden this article explores how top management teams can increase the robustness of their strategies by attending to important concepts emerging from the stakeholder literature. This book approaches strategymaking in a way that is designed to assist most organizations develop strategy appropriate to their size, purpose and resources. He also advises against ascribing more power to the stakeholders than they actually possess. After having classified the stakeholders and populated the matrix, you will define in your stakeholder management plan as a series of actions that will materialize the type of treatment recommended for the group. Stakeholders that you need to work on, or win over, and the best ways to approach them. This can then help to specify how stakeholders might be engaged, for example, for instrumental ends.
Those with high interest and power are key players requiring much consultation and engagement efforts. Draw lines between stakeholders to illustrate the influences between them, the lines can be in two directions, but you should try to identify the strongest direction of the influence. The importance of stakeholder analysis is widely recognized as a necessary means for gaining insight into the complex systemic interactions between natural processes, management policies, and local. Bryson, phd, is mcknight presidential professor of planning and public affairs at the hubert h. For example, tuchman 1984 in her sobering history the march of folly from troy to vietnam recounts a series of disastrous misadventures. This stakeholder analysis technique builds on the interest vs influence grids and influence lines allowing an indepth analysis of the stakeholders who are key players. Here my project is based on the blue train, one of the most luxurious trains in the world, the best train services in south africa. The research involved the analysis of detailed time series data logs that exist as a result of using a gss that is a re. Theory and practice authors personal copy stakeholders is likely to have a powerful effect on the feasibility of. One popular method used interest and influence to classify stakeholders into key players, context setters, subjects and crowd e. Rapid stakeholder and conflict assessment for natural.
Stakeholder identification and analysis freeman 1984 defines stakeholders in the commercial arena as any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organisations objectives, showing some congruence with bryson. Stakeholder analysis matrix skakeholder stakeholder interests power and influence media. A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement and coauthor of leadership for the common good. This is step 2 of a guide to stakeholder management. The powerinterest grid, as shown to the right, helps to visualise the positions of individual stakeholders and the relations among them.
Some practical tools for stakeholder management brainmates. Eden and ackermann 1998 34 show how role plays, in which different members of the planning team play the role of different stakeholders, can be used to develop proposals that are likely to address stakeholder interests, effectively build a supportive coalition, and ensure effective implementation. Theory and practice authors personal copy stakeholders is likely to have a powerful effect on the feasibility of an organization achieving its stra. A guide to stakeholder identification and analysis techniques by prof. In addition, a gss may particularly facilitate psychological negotiation within. Assess overall level of interest and power of all stakeholders. Dec 07, 2014 a widely used model which is perhaps the most famous one is the analysis of power and interest mendelows matrix.
After having classified the stakeholders and populated the matrix, you. Dec 09, 2014 a stakeholder management plan combines various elements, among them the definition, identification and analysis of the project or programme stakeholders as well as a plan of actions to managing them. To eden and ackermann stakeholders can only be people or groups who. Stakeholder analysis is the first step in stakeholder management, an important process that successful people use to win support from others. So who are these key stakeholders and how should organizations identify their interests. Stakeholder analysis well members of ngo and cbo groups officers from the health department in the municipal corporation by well by ngos by municipal officers 3 citizens. Humphrey institute of public affairs, university of minnesota. Stakeholder analysis is a systematic way to analyse stakeholders by their power and interest. Apr 14, 20 the below diagram from eden and ackermann 1998, p. What to do when stakeholders matter a guide to stakeholder. Note that what is being said does not imply that all possible stakeholders should t t figure 2 how stakeholder identification and analysis techniques can support strategic management.
In this article and video, well look at that crucial first step stakeholder analysis in more detail. The method is based on eden and ackermann s star diagrams 1998, pp. Eden and ackermann, 1998, internal or external forces, roles of stakeholders freeman, 2010, responsibilities kamal et al. Exploring stakeholder management in nonprofit organizations. Stakeholder analysis for supporting local water security. This brings me directly to eden and ackermans power interest grid, an important and useful stakeholder mapping tool which considers motivations and ability to influence. To deploy the grid, first you must identify your various stakeholders and map them on the following matrix according to their relative power and interest. Stakeholders can be anybody who is related to an organisation, project or strategy. Stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying all stakeholders and sorting them in a desired fashion freeman, 2010. The analysis of power and interest divides your stakeholders into four groups. Power and interest of stakeholders were assessed using power versus interest diagram, technique from eden and ackermann 1998, used to group stakeholders. Review the full course description and key learning outcomes and create an account and enrol if you want a free statement of participation.
Stakeholder identification and analysis techniques. Fran ackermann is a professor of strategy and management science at strathclyde business school and an adjunct professor at the university of western australia. These tools all help you map power dynamics in your stakeholders, combined with other factors like influence, dynamism, urgency and legitimacy. The two dimensional grid by eden and ackerman 1998, p. How to conduct a stakeholder analysis with a free template. Getting stakeholder engagement right roman pichler. A stakeholder analysis of an issue consists of weighing and balancing all of the competing demands on a firm by each of those who have a claim on it, in order to arrive at the firms obligation in a particular case. Why stakeholder analyses have become so important in problem solving, planning and decisionmaking history offers important lessons about the consequences of inadequate stakeholder analysis and engagement. Stakeholder analysis project management skills from. People or small groups with the power to respond to, negotiate with, i 2 and change the strategic future of the organisation eden and ackermann 1998 stakeholders are not just members of communities or nongovernmental organisations. These techniques enable groups to surface who they believe are the relevant stakeholders by exploring in detail their bases of power and interest, their relations with one another, and possible responses to particular strategic options. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders. Eden and ackermann, 1998 and recognizes that the delivery of goals demands understanding the core competences and preferably core distinctive competences.
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